The First-generation Immigrant in America Essay -- Minorities Equality

My grandma has a specific look in her eyes when something is upsetting her: she gazes off an irregular way with a thoughtful, somewhat distracted demeanor all over, as though she sees something all of us can’t see, knows something that we don’t know. It is around these times, and these minutes alone, that she appears to be far off from us, similar to a peaceful spectator viewing from far off, her body present yet her psyche and heart in a spot no one but she can visit. She never says it, yet I know, and somewhere inside, I figure they do also. She needs to be a piece of our reality. She needs us to be a piece of hers. In any case, we don’t have a place. Not any longer. Not my brothersâ€I don’t think they could possibly do. Perhaps I didâ€once, quite a while prior, however I can’t recall any longer. I love my grandma. She realizes that. I realize she does, regardless of whether I’m always unable to pass on it enough to her in words. The scene is consistently the equivalent: the three of us sitting in a room together, talking. I see her from the edge of my eye, looking for one moment or two, yet in every case sufficiently long to see the expression all over, the articulation I’ve become so agonizingly acquainted with throughout the years. I am compelled to dismiss; the discussion resumes. She is a couple of feet from us. She hears everything, and sees nothing with the exception of what she can assemble from the demeanors on our countenances, the tone of our voices. She claims not to be tried, grinning at us and adding arbitrary inquiries or remarks in Chineseâ€a language I was raised to communicate in, a language I’ve gradually overlooked throughout the years, a language that is presently mine just by blood. It is a sincere yet typically vain endeavor to get through the undetectable boundary that isolates her from us, and notwithstanding the entirety of her endeavors to conceal it, that pitiful, contem... ...feeble, when their echoes blur, and at that time, I will alert to a dull, void quiet. Furthermore, the quietness will be stunning. * La Gringa: Derogatory designation used to deride a Puerto Rican young lady who needs to resemble a blonde North American. Works Cited Andalzã ºa, Gloria. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.† Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. second ed. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 93-101. Cofer, Judith Ortiz. â€Å"Silent Dancing.† Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. second ed. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 145-51. â€Å"History.† The Latino/an Education Network Service.14 Oct. 2002.<http://palante.org/02History.htm>. Tan, Amy. â€Å"Mother Tongue.† Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. second ed. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 603-07.

Business Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Project Management - Essay Example Task the board procedure includes four significant capacities. These are arranging, sorting out, driving and controlling. Arranging is the primary phase of undertaking the board procedure and assessment of a task is done in wide territories of the venture for example cost required, future income, potential dangers and so forth. Venture life cycle estimation is additionally significant action in this stage. Second phase of venture the executives procedure is sorting out. In this stage, the necessary assets are composed like capital, work, material, hardware and offices and so forth. Capital alludes to both the underlying venture and store required for the board working capital. Driving is the third stage venture the board procedure and it is a lot of essential for fruition of an undertaking with quality work and guaranteeing cutoff time. The fundamental goal of driving is to guarantee right occupation to ideal individuals and spurring them to get best yield. Controlling is the last ph ase of task the board procedure where the venture is consistently observed. Progress of the task is assessed and contrasted and the proposed venture progress plan. Creating powerful methodologies and change of insufficient systems of task improvement is primary piece of controlling an undertaking (Smith, L. 2003, p.4). Consequently, by and large target of undertaking the board ought to play out these four task the board capacities proficiently and adequately in a composed system. This is the activity of an undertaking director. To finish or proceed with an effective venture, the undertaking supervisor should be arranged and executed for every little phase of the general task. This will assist with creating and execute contingence in basic circumstance during venture improvement process. Conversation Answer 1 Resources Resource is one of the most significant essential targets of a task. It incorporates predominantly individuals, material and hardware for example the major non budgeta ry assets. Accessibility of talented representatives is one of the fundamental centered zones of organizations since expertise, information and experience of workers have considerable effect on quality yield and progress of a task. Once more, adequate gracefully of individuals prompts low pay rate and absolute pay of an undertaking and the other way around. Hence, this significant asset needs to assess at the arranging phase of venture the executives procedure so venture cutoff time, cost and quality work can be guaranteed. Next significant asset is gear which is important to do the venture assignment or exercises. Innovation assumes an extraordinary job in this asset as utilization of hey innovation gear diminishes consummation time or quicker creation and more yield. Once more, the workers additionally need to particularly acquainted with the trend setting innovation types of gear as they have to work the supplies effectively to guarantee better yield. Material is another signific ant asset of undertaking as it is expected to create the items. In this way, adequate and ceaseless gracefully of crude material is vital for venture. Material is important for both development and creation unit ventures. Time is one significant factor of task the executives. Undertaking cutoff time and progress of a venture can be guaranteed by productive time the executives. It incorporates working hour of the representatives and day by day, week by week or month to month work progress. Once more, time the executives can be helped by utilizing instruments, strategies and aptitudes to achieving explicit work movement or objective inside due date. Along these lines, to create explicit objective or work target, least time should be considered to decrease complete

Free Essays on Consequences Of Divorce

â€Å"Consequences of Divorce† Ongoing decades have been a time of fast family change in which conjugal partition is therefore raised, similar to the development in the quantity of stepfamilies, single parent families, and nonmarital births. Wallenstein, depicts separate as something that has gotten moderately regular in today’s society. A few partitions are called for, while others are just a getaway from an unwanted condition. Shockingly, today’s grown-ups don't feel committed to stay seeing someone. Most relationships in today’s society end in a fierce separation that influences the guardians as well as the kids too. Kids, more that grown-ups, are confronted with choices that completely change themselves inside twenty four hours. They are compelled to forfeit their cheerful play of adolescence at an early age, alongside the solace of a caring home to suit their parents’ nonappearance and surrender; therefore home has become a desolate spot rather than a position of affection and sati sfaction. Youngsters who are comparative with isolated families, experience existence with a feeling of dread concerning trust. They think that its problematical to get confiding involved with their folks just as individuals whom they consider to be their life partner. As a general public, we have given trust the meaning of an individual’s desires and convictions about the unwavering quality of others. Since guardians are typically the first and most significant parental figures in a child’s life, the parent-youngster relationship shapes the early reason for a child’s creating feeling of trust. As a result of the expanding paces of separation, youngsters now days are getting less nurturance and consideration from their folks. â€Å"The partition of the guardians may contrarily affect the parent-kid relationship influencing the amount, quality, or timing of a parent-youngster interaction† (King). This can particularly remain constant at the hour of the division when guardians may have adj... Free Essays on Consequences Of Divorce Free Essays on Consequences Of Divorce â€Å"Consequences of Divorce† Late decades have been a time of fast family change in which conjugal detachment is therefore raised, similar to the development in the quantity of stepfamilies, single parent families, and nonmarital births. Wallenstein, portrays separate as something that has gotten generally regular in today’s society. A few partitions are called for, while others are just a getaway from a bothersome situation. Lamentably, today’s grown-ups don't feel committed to stay seeing someone. Most relationships in today’s society end in a fierce separation that influences the guardians as well as the youngsters also. Youngsters, more that grown-ups, are confronted with choices that completely change themselves inside twenty four hours. They are compelled to forfeit their joyful play of youth at an early age, alongside the solace of a caring home to oblige their parents’ nonappearance and deserting; subsequently home has become a forlorn spot rather than a position of adoration and satisfaction. Youngsters who are comparative with isolated families, experience existence with a feeling of dread concerning trust. They think that its problematical to get confiding involved with their folks just as individuals whom they consider to be their loved one. As a general public, we have given trust the meaning of an individual’s desires and convictions about the dependability of others. Since guardians are normally the first and most significant parental figures in a child’s life, the parent-kid relationship shapes the early reason for a child’s creating feeling of trust. On account of the expanding paces of separation, kids now days are getting less nurturance and consideration from their folks. â€Å"The partition of the guardians may adversely affect the parent-youngster relationship influencing the amount, quality, or timing of a parent-kid interaction† (King). This can particularly remain constant at the hour of the detachment when guardians may have adj...

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What is democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2501 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? To what extent is the UK an example of a democratic state? Introduction Democracy usually refers to a political system that advocates the kratos (ÃŽÂ ºÃƒ ?ÃŽÂ ¬Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, meaning the rule) of the demos (ÃŽÂ ´Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" meaning, the collectivity of the people in Greek (Castoriadis 2007, p.122). The demos, that also stands for the political body of the active people who mutually contract with each other, is bound to the decisions of the majority (Hobbes 1994, p.119; 1998, p.94 p.117; 2006, p.103). However, democracy has seen a variety of different definitions and interpretations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is democracy?" essay for you Create order For the ancients, democracy was almost synonymous with direct participation in the decision making, rejecting tout court any form of expertism and delegation of powers to third parties (Castoriadis 1997). Modern democracies, however, function based on the principle of representation in parliaments and councils, whose operation abide to legislations of national Constitutions (Zakaria 1997, p.41; Leach Coxall 2011, p.4) and jurisdictions that allow a body politic to exercise active surveillance over its representatives, discarding them if they betray their trust, or revoking the powers which they might have abused (Constant 1998, p.326). ÃŽÂ ¤his essay aims to explore these two diametrically opposite definitions, in order to provide a clear understanding regarding democracy and democratic politics. In addition, by examining up to what extent a state like the United Kingdom may be classified as   democratic (taking into account the two different interpretations of democracy), it will expose the theoretical deficiencies of the modern conception. It will finally stress that democracy should be better understood as a system of open public consultation and participation (according to the ancient model), acknowledging the modern Swiss paradigm of direct democracy through referendums and public initiatives as a vital alternative. The democracy of the ancients compared to that of the moderns Benjamin Constant in his speech at the Athenee Royal addresses two types of liberty, one in the Greek and Roman antiquity and the other after the consolidation of the French Revolution. In this speech Constant (1998) champions modern democracy as a system that respects individual rights and personal freedoms, which, in his view, appear absent from both the ancient Athenian and the Roman model. Respect to individual rights is a fundamental principle of a modern democratic state. But at the same time, such a state bases its institutioning upon a complex of liberal-republican values that were born during the French Revolution, such as the state of justice, the rule of law, the right of the masses to elect freely their own leaders and representatives, freedom of speech, free trade and private property; ideals considered among the highest, able to ensure social peace, stability and prosperity for every human society, ideals that have remained with us ever since (Graeber 2012). Anothe r important feature of modern democracies, however, is the principle of (majoritarian) consent, exercised through the process of electing a government. According to the modern democratic theory, elections give sovereignty or ultimate power to the citizens. It is through elections that the citizen participates in the political process and ultimately determines the personnel and policies of governments. Only a government which is elected by the people is a legitimate government (Denver Carman 2012, p.5). The elected governors and statesmen are also accountable to the people, and their power is limited to their demands according to John Locke (Laslett 2008, p.109). In case this public consent is neglected, the government should be immediately dissolved. Thus, it is for the people only to decide whether or when their government trustees have acted contrary to their trust, or their legislative has been changed, and for the people as a whole to act as umpire in any dispute between the go vernors and a part of their body (Laslett 2008, p.109). Democracy, therefore, is to protect people from arbitrary powers, since as Locke (2008, p.281) stated, force without Right, upon Mans Person, makes a State of War. Individual rights, consent and protection from arbitrary powers in modern democracies are safeguarded by national constitutions, which are designed to prevent the accumulation of power and the abuse of office. This is done not by simply writing up a list of rights, but by constructing a system in which government will not violate those rights (Zakaria 1997, p.41). In other words, the people who in order to enjoy the liberty which suits them resort to the representative system, must exercise an active and constant surveillance over their representatives, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the right to discard them if they betray their trust, and to revoke the powers which they might have abused (Constant 1998, p.326). Constitutionalism also seeks to protect an individuals autonomy and dignity against coercion, whatever the source à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" state, church or society (Zakaria 1997, p.25-26). The concept of democracy, however, according to the standards of the pre-modern, or even the ancient, world, differs significantly in many aspects. In ancient Greece à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where one initially identifies the first emergence of democracy according to Castoriadis (1997, p.87) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the idea of representation was unknown, and the idea of elections was considered an aristocratic principle, whereas among the moderns it is at the basis of their political systems (Castoriadis 1997, p.89-90). As Rousseau (2014, p.114) stressed, the idea of representatives is modern: it comes to us from feudal Government that iniquitous and absurd Government in which the human species is degraded, and the name of man dishonored. Further, for the ancients, politics was synonymous with the public sphere, characterized by openness and voluntary participation in the c ommon world of public life, in the making of decisions that determine the function and course of a community (Arendt 1961, p.149). According to the Athenian experience freedom itself needed a place where people could come together à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the agora, the market-place, or the polis, the political space proper (Arendt 1990, p.31). The polis, for both Castoriadis and Arendt was also the self-governed body of active citizens who through open discussions could take upon themselves the creation of institutions that regulate their own active participation in the running of society (Straume 2012, p.3). Summarizing: there is, on one hand, the modern approach on democracy that is based on the principle of consent and representation (id est the acting and deciding on behalf of the demos), focusing at the same time on the institutions that regulate governments from abuse of office, protecting minorities and civil freedoms. On the other, the definition provided by Castoriadis and Ar endt who have thoroughly elucidated on the Greek and Roman antiquity, focuses on direct participation (rather than elections), on common appearance and, above all, on the ability of questioning laws, norms and institutions (Castoriadis 1997, p.87). Which among the two definitions, however, could be considered as more accurate, is about to be discussed in the next section, which also aims to examine whether a modern state, such as the United Kingdom, can be classified as democratic. This process will reveal major deficiencies in the modern understanding of democracy. Which democracy? The UK as a case study Britain, along with most states in the modern world, and many others elsewhere, claims to be a democracy (Leach Coxall 2011, p.4). At prima facie one could argue that this statement is valid up to an extent. In fact, a brief study on the political institutions of modern Britain shows that all the perquisites that must be met in order for a state to be classified as democratic are perfectly followed by the British political establishment. There is equality before the law, respect for individual rights and restrictions of the powers of the royal families, free elections and freedom of speech, which are also guaranteed by British legal documents, court judgments, treaties and constitutional conventions (Kavanagh 2000; Norton 2013; Wright 2013). However, do elected politicians make the real decisions that affect the British people? ask Leach and Coxall (2011, p.5-6). In other words, does the majoritarian consent and the voice of the demos predominate or is it exercised only formally? More real power and influence may be exercised by individuals who are not part of the formal political process at all say Leach and Coxall (2011, p.5-6). Such individuals are businessmen à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ bankers, or owners of newspapers, television companies and other media, some of whom may not even be British (Leach Coxall 2011, p.5-6). As also Roy Greenslade (2011) has argued, newspapers, despite their steady decline during the past few years, still have the capacity to influence the political process. Thus, on one hand the mass media (owned by powerful entrepreneurs) obstruct independent public commentary by shaping certain opinions (Leach Coxall 2011, p.5) while on the other the civil service, the City of London, or multi-national corporations exercise far more effective power and influence in the British political process than any single personality claim Leach and Coxall (2011, p.6). At this point it would be important to acknowledge the following well known quote by R ousseau: the English people think it is free; it is greatly mistaken, it is free only during the election of Members of Parliament; as soon as they are elected, it is enslaved, it is nothing (Rousseau2014, p.114). This quote comes from his book The Social Contract (1762) where he exposes the impossibility of the representative system, claiming that only through an ancient model of democracy, popular sovereignty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, therefore, freedom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" could be achieved. Hence, since the English representative system cannot safeguard popular sovereignty it cannot also sustain freedom, except from the day of the elections, where the public can exercise its vote. After the end of this process the English citizen becomes again a subject to the decisions taken by their representatives. Further, since public consciousness in Britain is shaped by powerful media (whose role, as stated above, is contradictory), and most of the decisions of elected politicians is not as i nfluential as those coming from non-accountable institutions according to Leach and Coxall (2015), then it could arguably be said that the British people are not free even during parliamentary elections, since legislations and laws are influenced by non-political individuals. Consequently, only formally Britain might be considered as a democratic state. It would be more accurate to classify it as a liberal constitutional regime, since freedom of speech and respect for individual rights alone do not entail democracy. But Britain is not an isolated example of a representative democracy that appears to be insufficient in implementing the will of the people and safeguarding the consent of the majority. Castoriadis who has thoroughly observed the modern occidental world, came to the following conclusion: no western society, including Britain, should be called democratic. Instead they are liberal oligarchies (Castoriadis 2007, p.122). In his words, modern western societies are oligarch ies since they are dominated by a specific stratum of people [and] liberal because that stratum consents a number of negative or defensive liberties to citizens (Castoriadis 2007, p.126). Since, however, direct democracy, as Castoriadis and Arendt visualized it (according to the ancient model) could not be easily implemented under the current circumstances, a study on the Swiss paradigm would inspire alternative ideas. The political system of Switzerland allows its citizens to broadly participate in the decision making (Kriesi Trechsel 2008; Huber 1968). This is happening through referendums and open assemblies in many cantons (creating, thus, a public sphere). More precisely, over 30 referendums held every year by popular initiative, thus limiting the power of the parliament whilst parties and governments have often been forced to abandon their policies under the pressure of the popular vote (Kriesi Trechsel 2008, p.34; Huber 1968, p.24-25). Through such procedures power partl y remains in the hands of the citizens (as it is seen in the ancient types of democratic participation), and this power cannot be bypassed by representatives or by non-political institutions which may hijack the role of the elected representatives. The Swiss paradigm, therefore, being closer to the ancient model of democracy seems preferable in order to safeguard the majoritarian consent. It appears closer to the initial definition of democracy that is the power of the people. Conclusion This essay has highlighted the significant differences between the modern and ancient definitions of democracy. By examining the United Kingdom and the way political representation becomes easily taken over by strong powerful centers that invade the domain of politics, influencing important decisions and legislations, one understands the fragility of the modern model. Nonetheless, it could not be argued that Britain is an isolated case. In other words, the UK should not be understood as a unique example of ineffective representation. Although individual rights, freedom of speech and protection from abuse of power are important perquisites for a democratic state, the same state, in order to be classified as truly democratic has to fulfill also an area of other demands, such as effective participation and public consent, which appears marginalized not only in the UK but almost everywhere in the occidental world, with Switzerland being a notable example. The theoretical observations c onducted above, relying both the work of Castoriadis as well as on the Swiss paradigm, not only confirm this reasoning, but at the same time provide vital alternatives of how open participation (close to the ancient model) can safeguard the majoritarian consent, preventing officials and political personnel to bypass the will of the citizens. Bibliography Arendt, H., 1961. Between past and future: six exercises in political thought. London: Faber and Faber. Arendt, H., 1990. On Revolution. 6Th ed. London: Penguin Books. Castoriadis, C., Curtis, D. A. 1997. World in fragments: Writings on politics, society, psychoanalysis, and the imagination. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Castoriadis, C., 2007. Figures of the Thinkable. Stranford: Stranford University Press. Constant, B., 1988. Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Denver, D., Carman, C., 2012. Elections and Voters in Britain. 3Rd Ed. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Garnett, M., Lynch, P., 2014. Exploring British Politics. London: Routledge. Graeber, D., 2012. The movement as an end-in-itself? Platipus in New York, [online] 31st of January 2012, Available at: https://platypus1917.org/2012/01/31/interview-with-david-graeber/ [Accessed 17 September 2015]. Greenslade, R., 2011. How newspapers, despite decline, still infl uence the political process. The Guardian, [online] 21st of June 2011, Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/jun/21/national-newspapers-newspapers [Accessed 18 September 2015]. Hobbes, T., Gaskin, J., C., A., 1994. The elements of law, natural and politic: Part I, Human nature, part II, De corpore politico; with Three lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hobbes, T., Tuck, R., Silverthorne, M. 1998. On the citizen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hobbes, Th., 2006. Leviathan. New York: Dover Philosophical Classics. Huber, H., 1968. How Switzerland is Governed. Switzerland: Schweizer Spiegel Vergal. Kavanagh, D., 2000. British Politics: Continuities and Change. 4Th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kriesi, H., Trechsel, Α., 2008. The Politics of Switzerland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Leach, R., Coxall, B., Robins, L., 2011. British Politics. 2Nd ed. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Locke, J., and L aslett, P., 1988. Two Treatises of Government. Student ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Norton, P., 2013. Parliament in British Politics. 2Nd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Rousseau, J., J., Gourevitch, V., 2014. Rousseau: The Social Contract and other later Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Straume, S. I., 2012. A common world? Arendt, Castoriadis and political creation. [e-journal] 16(2). Available through: European Journal of Social Theory Sage Articles https://est.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/03/26/1368431012440870 [Accessed 17 September 2015]. Wright, T., 2013. British Politics: a very short Introduction. 2Nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Zakaria, F., 1997. The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. US: Foreign Affairs.

We Are Not All Created Equal By Stephen Marche - 989 Words

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It was a springlike morning in February 2000, and several blocks away, eager shoppersRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pagesbridge, at least 14,000 30,000 years ago.[10] Some of these groups migrated south and east, and over time spread throughout the Americas. These were the ancestors to modern Native Americans in the United States and Alaskan Native peoples, as well as all indigenous peoples of the Americas. Many indigenous peoples were semi-nomadic tribes of hunter-gatherers; others were sedentary and agricultural civilizations. Many formed new tribes or confederations in response to European colonization. Well-known

Textual Analysis Is Not Enough When Researching Media Essay Example For Students

Textual Analysis Is Not Enough When Researching Media Essay Greg Philio argues that textual analysis is not enough when researching media, on its own textual analysis fails to tell us how the text was produced as well as how it was consumed and interpreted. Philio examines this idea by stating that we fail to know the origins of the media such as where they came from and how they relate to different social interests. It also lacks the possible accounts chosen and the diversity within them as well as the impacts of external factors such as the journalists understanding and what the text actually means to different audiences (Philo, 2007). Philio continues further to state that there are more issues with a text only analysis, the accuracy of representations, the significance the text has on the audience and how it changes in diverse social interests. Philio argues that analysis should explore the accuracy of the text, is it right or wrong? Is it politically significant? A discourse analysis for instance fails to address this point which Philio uses as an example. In order to overcome these issues raised it requires a method which analyses production, content, reception and social meaning. This can be conducted through interviewing journalists as well as conducting audience studies rather than focusing purely on the media text (Philo, 2007). Fursich (2009) disagrees with Philios critique of textual analysis. Fursich argues that textual analysis does consider context and audiences as long as it’s not conducted in a simplistic way, being a valuable tool of research. In this critique three arguments are addressed, a textual analyst can create different meanings of a text that somebody else would not find , allowing you to create or discover features that the audience would not discover, even p. . he example of David Morley’s research on TV responses (Morley, 1992). I think this is a more valid source to use when researching media because it allows true immediate responses from participants within a research study. By analysing media texts alone in a textual analysis to me seems partly problematic as it relies on interpretations of the texts as well as potentially cultural competence of an analyst. However, it seems unfair to state that textual analysis has no use for a researcher at all as Philio implies, as mentioned previously they do provide valid data and hidden meanings which a textual analyst has the capability to acknowledge. Also, by analysing a piece of text on its own it shows features of the text which are able to be compared to other pieces of text in order to create patterns and potentially generalize how society is represented in these texts.